Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 000C53 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000C52; suivant : 000C54Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania
Auteurs : Inge Kroidl [Allemagne, Tanzanie] ; Elmar Saathof [Allemagne] ; Lucas Maganga [Tanzanie] ; Petra Clowes [Allemagne, Tanzanie] ; Leonard Maboko [Tanzanie] ; Achim Hoerauf [Allemagne] ; Williams H. Makunde [Tanzanie] ; Antelmo Haule [Tanzanie] ; Prisca Mviombo [Tanzanie] ; Bettina Pitter [Allemagne, Tanzanie] ; Neema Mgeni [Tanzanie] ; Joseph Mabuye [Tanzanie] ; Dickens Kowuor [Tanzanie] ; Upendo Mwingira [Tanzanie] ; Mwelecele N. Malecela [Tanzanie] ; Thomas Löscher [Allemagne] ; Michael Hoelscher [Allemagne, Tanzanie]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Albendazole (usage thérapeutique), Animaux, Antigènes de protozoaire (sang), Co-infection (traitement médicamenteux), Filaricides (usage thérapeutique), Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Infections à VIH (), Ivermectine (usage thérapeutique), Prévalence, Résultat thérapeutique, Tanzanie (épidémiologie), Wuchereria bancrofti (), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolement et purification).
- MESH :
- isolement et purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- sang : Antigènes de protozoaire.
- traitement médicamenteux : Co-infection, Filariose lymphatique.
- usage thérapeutique : Albendazole, Filaricides, Ivermectine.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique, Tanzanie.
- Animaux, Humains, Infections à VIH, Prévalence, Résultat thérapeutique, Wuchereria bancrofti.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Albendazole (therapeutic use), Animals, Antigens, Protozoan (blood), Coinfection (drug therapy), Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Filaricides (therapeutic use), HIV Infections (complications), Humans, Ivermectin (therapeutic use), Prevalence, Tanzania (epidemiology), Treatment Outcome, Wuchereria bancrofti (drug effects), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolation & purification).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antigens, Protozoan.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Albendazole, Filaricides, Ivermectin.
- geographic , epidemiology : Tanzania.
- complications : HIV Infections.
- drug effects : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- drug therapy : Coinfection, Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- isolation & purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- Animals, Humans, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
Annual mass treatment with ivermectin and albendazole is used to treat lymphatic filariasis in many African countries, including Tanzania. In areas where both diseases occur, it is unclear whether HIV co-infection reduces treatment success.
In a general population study in Southwest Tanzania, individuals were tested for HIV and circulating filarial antigen, an indicator of
Testing of 2104 individuals aged 0–94 years before anti-filarial treatment revealed a prevalence of 24.8% for lymphatic filariasis and an HIV-prevalence of 8.9%. Lymphatic filariasis was rare in children, but prevalence increased in individuals above 10 years, whereas a strong increase in HIV was only seen above 18 years of age. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in adults above 18 years was 42.6% and 41.7% (p = 0.834) in HIV-negatives and–positives, respectively. Similarly, the HIV prevalence in the lymphatic filariasis infected (16.6%) and uninfected adult population (17.1%) was nearly the same. Of the above 2104 individuals 798 were re-tested after 2 rounds of antifilarial treatment. A significant reduction in the prevalence of circulating filarial antigen from 21.6% to 19.7% was found after treatment (relative drop of 8.8%, McNemar´s exact p = 0.036). Furthermore, the post-treatment reduction of CFA positivity was (non-significantly) larger in HIV-positives than in HIV-negatives (univariable linear regression p = 0.154).
In an area with a high prevalence for both diseases, no difference was found between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals regarding the initial prevalence of lymphatic filariasis. A moderate but significant reduction in lymphatic filariasis prevalence and worm burden was demonstrated after two rounds of treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. Treatment effects were more pronounced in the HIV co-infected subgroup, indicating that the effectiveness of antifilarial treatment was not reduced by concomitant HIV-infection. Studies with longer follow-up time could validate the observed differences in treatment effectiveness.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004618
PubMed: 27070786
PubMed Central: 4829227
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Tanzanie
- Bavière, District de Cologne, District de Haute-Bavière, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie
- Bonn, Munich
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000823
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000823
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000682
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000879
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000879
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000879
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 008166
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 008166
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 008166
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000C54
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000C53
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania</title><author><name sortKey="Kroidl, Inge" sort="Kroidl, Inge" uniqKey="Kroidl I" first="Inge" last="Kroidl">Inge Kroidl</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saathof, Elmar" sort="Saathof, Elmar" uniqKey="Saathof E" first="Elmar" last="Saathof">Elmar Saathof</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maganga, Lucas" sort="Maganga, Lucas" uniqKey="Maganga L" first="Lucas" last="Maganga">Lucas Maganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clowes, Petra" sort="Clowes, Petra" uniqKey="Clowes P" first="Petra" last="Clowes">Petra Clowes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maboko, Leonard" sort="Maboko, Leonard" uniqKey="Maboko L" first="Leonard" last="Maboko">Leonard Maboko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makunde, Williams H" sort="Makunde, Williams H" uniqKey="Makunde W" first="Williams H." last="Makunde">Williams H. Makunde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Tanga, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Tanga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tanga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haule, Antelmo" sort="Haule, Antelmo" uniqKey="Haule A" first="Antelmo" last="Haule">Antelmo Haule</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mviombo, Prisca" sort="Mviombo, Prisca" uniqKey="Mviombo P" first="Prisca" last="Mviombo">Prisca Mviombo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitter, Bettina" sort="Pitter, Bettina" uniqKey="Pitter B" first="Bettina" last="Pitter">Bettina Pitter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mgeni, Neema" sort="Mgeni, Neema" uniqKey="Mgeni N" first="Neema" last="Mgeni">Neema Mgeni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabuye, Joseph" sort="Mabuye, Joseph" uniqKey="Mabuye J" first="Joseph" last="Mabuye">Joseph Mabuye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowuor, Dickens" sort="Kowuor, Dickens" uniqKey="Kowuor D" first="Dickens" last="Kowuor">Dickens Kowuor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwingira, Upendo" sort="Mwingira, Upendo" uniqKey="Mwingira U" first="Upendo" last="Mwingira">Upendo Mwingira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mwelecele N" sort="Malecela, Mwelecele N" uniqKey="Malecela M" first="Mwelecele N." last="Malecela">Mwelecele N. Malecela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loscher, Thomas" sort="Loscher, Thomas" uniqKey="Loscher T" first="Thomas" last="Löscher">Thomas Löscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27070786</idno><idno type="pmc">4829227</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829227</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4829227</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004618</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000823</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000823</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000823</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000823</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000682</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000682</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000879</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">008166</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">008166</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">008166</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1935-2727:2016:Kroidl I:prevalence:of:lymphatic</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000C54</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000C53</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000C53</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania</title><author><name sortKey="Kroidl, Inge" sort="Kroidl, Inge" uniqKey="Kroidl I" first="Inge" last="Kroidl">Inge Kroidl</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saathof, Elmar" sort="Saathof, Elmar" uniqKey="Saathof E" first="Elmar" last="Saathof">Elmar Saathof</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maganga, Lucas" sort="Maganga, Lucas" uniqKey="Maganga L" first="Lucas" last="Maganga">Lucas Maganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clowes, Petra" sort="Clowes, Petra" uniqKey="Clowes P" first="Petra" last="Clowes">Petra Clowes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maboko, Leonard" sort="Maboko, Leonard" uniqKey="Maboko L" first="Leonard" last="Maboko">Leonard Maboko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bonn-Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makunde, Williams H" sort="Makunde, Williams H" uniqKey="Makunde W" first="Williams H." last="Makunde">Williams H. Makunde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Tanga, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Tanga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tanga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haule, Antelmo" sort="Haule, Antelmo" uniqKey="Haule A" first="Antelmo" last="Haule">Antelmo Haule</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mviombo, Prisca" sort="Mviombo, Prisca" uniqKey="Mviombo P" first="Prisca" last="Mviombo">Prisca Mviombo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitter, Bettina" sort="Pitter, Bettina" uniqKey="Pitter B" first="Bettina" last="Pitter">Bettina Pitter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mgeni, Neema" sort="Mgeni, Neema" uniqKey="Mgeni N" first="Neema" last="Mgeni">Neema Mgeni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabuye, Joseph" sort="Mabuye, Joseph" uniqKey="Mabuye J" first="Joseph" last="Mabuye">Joseph Mabuye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kowuor, Dickens" sort="Kowuor, Dickens" uniqKey="Kowuor D" first="Dickens" last="Kowuor">Dickens Kowuor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwingira, Upendo" sort="Mwingira, Upendo" uniqKey="Mwingira U" first="Upendo" last="Mwingira">Upendo Mwingira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mwelecele N" sort="Malecela, Mwelecele N" uniqKey="Malecela M" first="Mwelecele N." last="Malecela">Mwelecele N. Malecela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loscher, Thomas" sort="Loscher, Thomas" uniqKey="Loscher T" first="Thomas" last="Löscher">Thomas Löscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC), Mbeya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mbeya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Albendazole (therapeutic use)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antigens, Protozoan (blood)</term><term>Coinfection (drug therapy)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term><term>Filaricides (therapeutic use)</term><term>HIV Infections (complications)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Ivermectin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Tanzania (epidemiology)</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (drug effects)</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (isolation & purification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Albendazole (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Antigènes de protozoaire (sang)</term><term>Co-infection (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Filaricides (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH ()</term><term>Ivermectine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Tanzanie (épidémiologie)</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti ()</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (isolement et purification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Protozoan</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Filaricides</term><term>Ivermectin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Tanzania</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes de protozoaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Filaricides</term><term>Ivermectine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Tanzanie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Humans</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Annual mass treatment with ivermectin and albendazole is used to treat lymphatic filariasis in many African countries, including Tanzania. In areas where both diseases occur, it is unclear whether HIV co-infection reduces treatment success.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methodology</title><p>In a general population study in Southwest Tanzania, individuals were tested for HIV and circulating filarial antigen, an indicator of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> adult worm burden, before the first and after 2 consecutive rounds of anti-filarial mass drug administration.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Principle Findings</title><p>Testing of 2104 individuals aged 0–94 years before anti-filarial treatment revealed a prevalence of 24.8% for lymphatic filariasis and an HIV-prevalence of 8.9%. Lymphatic filariasis was rare in children, but prevalence increased in individuals above 10 years, whereas a strong increase in HIV was only seen above 18 years of age. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in adults above 18 years was 42.6% and 41.7% (p = 0.834) in HIV-negatives and–positives, respectively. Similarly, the HIV prevalence in the lymphatic filariasis infected (16.6%) and uninfected adult population (17.1%) was nearly the same. Of the above 2104 individuals 798 were re-tested after 2 rounds of antifilarial treatment. A significant reduction in the prevalence of circulating filarial antigen from 21.6% to 19.7% was found after treatment (relative drop of 8.8%, McNemar´s exact p = 0.036). Furthermore, the post-treatment reduction of CFA positivity was (non-significantly) larger in HIV-positives than in HIV-negatives (univariable linear regression p = 0.154).</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion/Significance</title><p>In an area with a high prevalence for both diseases, no difference was found between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals regarding the initial prevalence of lymphatic filariasis. A moderate but significant reduction in lymphatic filariasis prevalence and worm burden was demonstrated after two rounds of treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. Treatment effects were more pronounced in the HIV co-infected subgroup, indicating that the effectiveness of antifilarial treatment was not reduced by concomitant HIV-infection. Studies with longer follow-up time could validate the observed differences in treatment effectiveness.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hotez, Pj" uniqKey="Hotez P">PJ Hotez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamath, A" uniqKey="Kamath A">A Kamath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, Sm" uniqKey="Magesa S">SM Magesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela Lazaro, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela Lazaro M">MN Malecela-Lazaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noroes, J" uniqKey="Noroes J">J Noroes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amaral, F" uniqKey="Amaral F">F Amaral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rocha, A" uniqKey="Rocha A">A Rocha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coutinho, A" uniqKey="Coutinho A">A Coutinho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rm" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RM Ramzy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandrashekar, R" uniqKey="Chandrashekar R">R Chandrashekar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gad, Am" uniqKey="Gad A">AM Gad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowrie, Rc" uniqKey="Lowrie R">RC Lowrie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faris, R" uniqKey="Faris R">R Faris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rwegoshora, Rt" uniqKey="Rwegoshora R">RT Rwegoshora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela M">MN Malecela</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derua, Ya" uniqKey="Derua Y">YA Derua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, Sm" uniqKey="Magesa S">SM Magesa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Msisha, Wm" uniqKey="Msisha W">WM Msisha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapiga, Sh" uniqKey="Kapiga S">SH Kapiga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Earls, Fj" uniqKey="Earls F">FJ Earls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Subramanian, Sv" uniqKey="Subramanian S">SV Subramanian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Layer, Eh" uniqKey="Layer E">EH Layer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, Ce" uniqKey="Kennedy C">CE Kennedy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beckham, Sw" uniqKey="Beckham S">SW Beckham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mbwambo, Jk" uniqKey="Mbwambo J">JK Mbwambo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Likindikoki, S" uniqKey="Likindikoki S">S Likindikoki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Ww" uniqKey="Davis W">WW Davis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Layer, Eh" uniqKey="Layer E">EH Layer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brahmbhatt, H" uniqKey="Brahmbhatt H">H Brahmbhatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beckham, Sw" uniqKey="Beckham S">SW Beckham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ntogwisangu, J" uniqKey="Ntogwisangu J">J Ntogwisangu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mwampashi, A" uniqKey="Mwampashi A">A Mwampashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Ww" uniqKey="Davis W">WW Davis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfarr, K" uniqKey="Pfarr K">K Pfarr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramaiah, Kd" uniqKey="Ramaiah K">KD Ramaiah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hotez, Pj" uniqKey="Hotez P">PJ Hotez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarado, M" uniqKey="Alvarado M">M Alvarado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basanez, Mg" uniqKey="Basanez M">MG Basanez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolliger, I" uniqKey="Bolliger I">I Bolliger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourne, R" uniqKey="Bourne R">R Bourne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boussinesq, M" uniqKey="Boussinesq M">M Boussinesq</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derua, Ya" uniqKey="Derua Y">YA Derua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kisinza, Wn" uniqKey="Kisinza W">WN Kisinza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, Sm" uniqKey="Magesa S">SM Magesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela M">MN Malecela</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, Sm" uniqKey="Magesa S">SM Magesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derua, Ya" uniqKey="Derua Y">YA Derua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rwegoshora, Rt" uniqKey="Rwegoshora R">RT Rwegoshora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela M">MN Malecela</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talaat, Kr" uniqKey="Talaat K">KR Talaat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumarasamy, N" uniqKey="Kumarasamy N">N Kumarasamy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, S" uniqKey="Swaminathan S">S Swaminathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gopinath, R" uniqKey="Gopinath R">R Gopinath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nutman, Tb" uniqKey="Nutman T">TB Nutman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, No" uniqKey="Nielsen N">NO Nielsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friis, H" uniqKey="Friis H">H Friis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnussen, P" uniqKey="Magnussen P">P Magnussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krarup, H" uniqKey="Krarup H">H Krarup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, S" uniqKey="Magesa S">S Magesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, No" uniqKey="Nielsen N">NO Nielsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnussen, P" uniqKey="Magnussen P">P Magnussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magesa, S" uniqKey="Magesa S">S Magesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friis, H" uniqKey="Friis H">H Friis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tafatatha, T" uniqKey="Tafatatha T">T Tafatatha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taegtmeyer, M" uniqKey="Taegtmeyer M">M Taegtmeyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngwira, B" uniqKey="Ngwira B">B Ngwira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phiri, A" uniqKey="Phiri A">A Phiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kondowe, M" uniqKey="Kondowe M">M Kondowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piston, W" uniqKey="Piston W">W Piston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talaat, Kr" uniqKey="Talaat K">KR Talaat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, S" uniqKey="Babu S">S Babu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menon, P" uniqKey="Menon P">P Menon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumarasamy, N" uniqKey="Kumarasamy N">N Kumarasamy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, J" uniqKey="Sharma J">J Sharma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arumugam, J" uniqKey="Arumugam J">J Arumugam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kroidl, I" uniqKey="Kroidl I">I Kroidl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clowes, P" uniqKey="Clowes P">P Clowes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mwalongo, W" uniqKey="Mwalongo W">W Mwalongo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maganga, L" uniqKey="Maganga L">L Maganga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maboko, L" uniqKey="Maboko L">L Maboko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kroidl, Al" uniqKey="Kroidl A">AL Kroidl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rocha, A" uniqKey="Rocha A">A Rocha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, Me" uniqKey="Ribeiro M">ME Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noroes, J" uniqKey="Noroes J">J Noroes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baliza, M" uniqKey="Baliza M">M Baliza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medeiros, Z" uniqKey="Medeiros Z">Z Medeiros</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chanteau, S" uniqKey="Chanteau S">S Chanteau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moulia Pelat, Jp" uniqKey="Moulia Pelat J">JP Moulia-Pelat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glaziou, P" uniqKey="Glaziou P">P Glaziou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Nl" uniqKey="Nguyen N">NL Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luquiaud, P" uniqKey="Luquiaud P">P Luquiaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plichart, C" uniqKey="Plichart C">C Plichart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Pj" uniqKey="Lammie P">PJ Lammie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reiss, Md" uniqKey="Reiss M">MD Reiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dimock, Ka" uniqKey="Dimock K">KA Dimock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Streit, Tg" uniqKey="Streit T">TG Streit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jm" uniqKey="Roberts J">JM Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eberhard, Ml" uniqKey="Eberhard M">ML Eberhard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyrowitsch, Dw" uniqKey="Meyrowitsch D">DW Meyrowitsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mukoko, Da" uniqKey="Mukoko D">DA Mukoko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malecela Lazaro, Mn" uniqKey="Malecela Lazaro M">MN Malecela-Lazaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rwegoshora, Rt" uniqKey="Rwegoshora R">RT Rwegoshora</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tafatatha, Tt" uniqKey="Tafatatha T">TT Tafatatha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngwira, Bm" uniqKey="Ngwira B">BM Ngwira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taegtmeyer, M" uniqKey="Taegtmeyer M">M Taegtmeyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phiri, Aj" uniqKey="Phiri A">AJ Phiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Tp" uniqKey="Wilson T">TP Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banda, Lg" uniqKey="Banda L">LG Banda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wanji, S" uniqKey="Wanji S">S Wanji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amvongo Adjia, N" uniqKey="Amvongo Adjia N">N Amvongo-Adjia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koudou, B" uniqKey="Koudou B">B Koudou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Njouendou, Aj" uniqKey="Njouendou A">AJ Njouendou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chounna Ndongmo, Pw" uniqKey="Chounna Ndongmo P">PW Chounna Ndongmo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne Ouafo, Ja" uniqKey="Kengne Ouafo J">JA Kengne-Ouafo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zoure, Hg" uniqKey="Zoure H">HG Zoure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wanji, S" uniqKey="Wanji S">S Wanji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noma, M" uniqKey="Noma M">M Noma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amazigo, Uv" uniqKey="Amazigo U">UV Amazigo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diggle, Pj" uniqKey="Diggle P">PJ Diggle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tekle, Ah" uniqKey="Tekle A">AH Tekle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Tanzanie</li></country><region><li>Bavière</li><li>District de Cologne</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li></region><settlement><li>Bonn</li><li>Munich</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Kroidl, Inge" sort="Kroidl, Inge" uniqKey="Kroidl I" first="Inge" last="Kroidl">Inge Kroidl</name></region><name sortKey="Clowes, Petra" sort="Clowes, Petra" uniqKey="Clowes P" first="Petra" last="Clowes">Petra Clowes</name><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><name sortKey="Loscher, Thomas" sort="Loscher, Thomas" uniqKey="Loscher T" first="Thomas" last="Löscher">Thomas Löscher</name><name sortKey="Pitter, Bettina" sort="Pitter, Bettina" uniqKey="Pitter B" first="Bettina" last="Pitter">Bettina Pitter</name><name sortKey="Saathof, Elmar" sort="Saathof, Elmar" uniqKey="Saathof E" first="Elmar" last="Saathof">Elmar Saathof</name><name sortKey="Saathof, Elmar" sort="Saathof, Elmar" uniqKey="Saathof E" first="Elmar" last="Saathof">Elmar Saathof</name></country><country name="Tanzanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kroidl, Inge" sort="Kroidl, Inge" uniqKey="Kroidl I" first="Inge" last="Kroidl">Inge Kroidl</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Clowes, Petra" sort="Clowes, Petra" uniqKey="Clowes P" first="Petra" last="Clowes">Petra Clowes</name><name sortKey="Haule, Antelmo" sort="Haule, Antelmo" uniqKey="Haule A" first="Antelmo" last="Haule">Antelmo Haule</name><name sortKey="Hoelscher, Michael" sort="Hoelscher, Michael" uniqKey="Hoelscher M" first="Michael" last="Hoelscher">Michael Hoelscher</name><name sortKey="Kowuor, Dickens" sort="Kowuor, Dickens" uniqKey="Kowuor D" first="Dickens" last="Kowuor">Dickens Kowuor</name><name sortKey="Maboko, Leonard" sort="Maboko, Leonard" uniqKey="Maboko L" first="Leonard" last="Maboko">Leonard Maboko</name><name sortKey="Mabuye, Joseph" sort="Mabuye, Joseph" uniqKey="Mabuye J" first="Joseph" last="Mabuye">Joseph Mabuye</name><name sortKey="Maganga, Lucas" sort="Maganga, Lucas" uniqKey="Maganga L" first="Lucas" last="Maganga">Lucas Maganga</name><name sortKey="Makunde, Williams H" sort="Makunde, Williams H" uniqKey="Makunde W" first="Williams H." last="Makunde">Williams H. Makunde</name><name sortKey="Malecela, Mwelecele N" sort="Malecela, Mwelecele N" uniqKey="Malecela M" first="Mwelecele N." last="Malecela">Mwelecele N. Malecela</name><name sortKey="Mgeni, Neema" sort="Mgeni, Neema" uniqKey="Mgeni N" first="Neema" last="Mgeni">Neema Mgeni</name><name sortKey="Mviombo, Prisca" sort="Mviombo, Prisca" uniqKey="Mviombo P" first="Prisca" last="Mviombo">Prisca Mviombo</name><name sortKey="Mwingira, Upendo" sort="Mwingira, Upendo" uniqKey="Mwingira U" first="Upendo" last="Mwingira">Upendo Mwingira</name><name sortKey="Pitter, Bettina" sort="Pitter, Bettina" uniqKey="Pitter B" first="Bettina" last="Pitter">Bettina Pitter</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000C53 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000C53 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4829227
|texte= Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27070786" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |